Vaccination Incentives

Project Description

To counter high COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, this program authorized the provision of $100 payment incentives, per recipient, for a first dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. Providing these incentives was helpful to communities facing access barriers, such as concerns about taking time off from work or the cost of transportation to a vaccination site. This program was open to all Harris County residents.

The Harris County Office of County Administration and Harris County Public Health partnered with Blackhawk, USIO, and HEB to provide gift cards to support additional incentivization for this program. Harris County Public Health distributed the gift cards and tracked vaccination rates by demographic variables and changes in vaccination rates relative to the surrounding counties. A Rice University report found that several zip codes where vaccinations were highly needed saw an increase in vaccinations after the incentives were announced. Compared to trends in surrounding counties, an estimated 30,000 incremental vaccines were provided as a result of the incentive.

TARGET IMPACT

  • Increased the population of vaccinated individuals in Harris County
  • Reduced the strain on local hospital systems
  • Improved health outcomes for all patients

The KPIs tracked included vaccination rate increases by demographic variables and changes in vaccination rates relative to surrounding counties.

USE OF EVIDENCE & PROGRAM EVALUATIONS

Per CDC findings, higher vaccination rates helped slow the spread of highly contagious variants and prevent serious hospitalization and illness, especially in the most vulnerable communities.

Based on experiences with other non-mandatory vaccine efforts (i.e., influenza, H1N1 pandemic, etc.), evidence-based research shows that offering monetary incentives can result in higher adherence to promoted immunizations. In a brief authored by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) research showcased the following:

 

  • “In 2015, the CDC Community Preventative Services Taskforce recommended incentives to increase vaccination rates. After a review of several meta-analysis studies of incentive programs implemented between 1980 and 2012, the Taskforce concluded that incentives increased vaccination rates by a median of 8 percentage points.
  • A literature review of numerous vaccine incentive programs for people experiencing homelessness found that incentive programs increased vaccination uptake. During the H1N1 pandemic, 46 percent of individuals residing in homeless shelters participating in the incentive study chose to receive the H1N1 vaccine. This rate of vaccination is much higher than the 10 percent of the general population who chose to receive the vaccine. The authors find that incentives work best when paired with education about vaccines and interventions to ease vaccine concerns.”

 

Various U.S. territories, states, cities, and counties across the country created vaccine incentive programs to encourage individuals to receive the COVID-19 vaccine to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Harris County’s use of $12.5M for the COVID-19 Vaccine Incentive Program to increase the number of vaccinated residents was a reasonable use and helped increase vaccination participation. Harris County allocated the full adopted budget of this program to evidence-based interventions.